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- MAP13: FTP (PART 1)
- -------------------
-
- "The desire of knowledge, like the thirst of riches, increases
- ever with the acquisition of it." -- Laurence Sterne, Tristram
- Shandy
-
-
- Welcome back to the third week of the Roadmap workshop! I hope
- that you are having as much fun participating in this workshop
- as I am having teaching it! :)
-
- Last week we used a tool called "Telnet" which allowed us to access
- remote computers and run programs on those remote computers.
-
- This week we are going to use a tool called "File Transfer Protocol"
- (or "FTP") which will allow us to access remote computers and retrieve
- files from these computers. Actually, it is probably more accurate
- to say that we will be using "anonymous" FTP, but I'll explain that
- in a minute.
-
- What sort of files are available through FTP? Well, "hundreds of
- systems connected to the Internet have file libraries, or archives,
- accessible to the public. Much of this consists of free or low-cost
- {computer} programs for virtually every make of computer. If you
- want a different communications program for your IBM, or feel like
- playing a new game on your Amiga, you'll {probably} be able to get it
- {using FTP}."
-
- "But there are also libraries of documents as well. If you want a
- copy of a recent U.S. Supreme Court decision, you can {get a copy
- using FTP}. Copies of historical documents, from the Magna Carta to
- the Declaration of Independence are also yours for the asking ...
- You can also find song lyrics, poems, {and} even summaries of
- every {Animaniacs} episode ever made. You can also find extensive
- files detailing everything you could possibly want to know about
- the Net itself" (1)
-
- Before we get too in-depth into FTP, I think that now is as good
- a time as any to quickly review the client/server relationship
- that I briefly mentioned in lesson three (MAP03: Levels of Internet
- Connectivity).
-
- "Client" is just another word for a program running on your
- service provider's system that enables you to talk to, and get
- stuff from, distant computers. The client on your service provider's
- system takes your commands and turns them into requests for information
- from programs -- "servers" -- running on other, distant computers.
-
- The client/server relationship allows you to TELNET into remote
- computers and run programs on those remote computers, and it also
- allows you to use FTP to get files from remote sites.
-
- The client/server relationship is also what makes my job as an Internet
- trainer quite difficult. While all of the FTP clients out there do the
- exact same thing, they all use different commands to do it.
-
- Fortunately, if you can understand the basics of what happens during
- an FTP session, the commands -- no matter what client you are using --
- are pretty easy.
-
- The basic steps in an FTP session are:
-
- 1. Start-up your FTP client
- 2. Give your FTP client an address to connect to (and, just
- like TELNET, step one and two can be combined into one
- easy step).
- 3. Identify yourself to the remote site
- 4. Give the remote site your password
- 5. Look around the directory for files
- 6. Change Directories
- 7. Set the transfer mode (optional)
- 8. Get the file(s) you want
- 9. Quit
-
- The best way to understand what is going on is to look at a sample
- FTP session. The University of Alabama's connection to the Internet
- is through SURAnet (a large regional network), so I'm going to FTP
- to them.
-
- Before I do that, though, there are three things that I need to
- emphasize:
-
- 1. FTP requires a heck of a lot of resources, both on your
- system and on the remote system that you are accessing.
- Because of this, FTP sessions should only be run during
- non-working hours (usually 6 PM to 6 AM local).
-
- I realize that this constraint is going to be a difficult
- for those of you who are reading this at work, and who only
- have Internet (and FTP access) through your employer. However,
- as responsible Internet citizens we have to remember that
- the FTP sites are providing us FTP access out of the kindness
- of their hearts. If we take advantage of this kindness, and
- access various FTP sites during working hours, those FTP
- sites may decide to close their doors to the public ... and
- then EVERYONE loses.
-
- 2. In light of what was said in #1, please do not flood SURAnet.
- Later this week I will post a list of FTP sites that you
- can visit (much like the TELNET list I posted Friday).
- Until I post that list, just sit back and enjoy the show :)
-
- 3. Since this lesson is already over 100 lines long, I hope that
- you won't mind if I break this FTP lesson into two lessons.
- The first lesson will be today, and I'll finish tomorrow.
- This will mean that we will end this lesson in the middle
- of our sample FTP session, but it will also mean that this
- lesson won't be the size of a small book :)
-
- Starting an FTP session is pretty easy. For most of you, all you
- have to do to start-up your FTP client is type
-
- ftp
-
- on you system's command line (or, if you are in a Windows or Mac
- environment, double-click on the FTP icon).
-
- From there, you would give the client an FTP address to connect to.
-
- Like TELNET, however, there is a way to combine these two steps into
- one, easy step. For most of you, to access your FTP client and give
- your client an address to hook up to, all you would have to do it
- type the command
-
- ftp <site address>
-
- and replace <site address> with the address of the FTP site that you
- want your client software to access.
-
- In our example, the SURAnet FTP address is ftp.sura.net, so I would type
-
- ftp ftp.sura.net
-
- to start an FTP session. (Note that the second "ftp" is part of
- SURAnet's FTP address. If I wanted to ftp to info.umd.edu, I would
- type "ftp info.umd.edu"; if I wanted to ftp to lcs.mit.edu, I would
- type "ftp lcs.mit.edu").
-
- Once I hit the enter key, the following appears on my screen:
-
- ftp ftp.sura.net
- Connecting to ftp.sura.net 128.167.254.179, port 21
- 220 nic.sura.net FTP server (Version wu-2.4(1) Fri May 20 10:20:58
- EDT 1994) ready.
- USER (identify yourself to the host):
-
- The second line tells me that my system is connecting to ftp.sura.net
- (and even gives me the IP number for ftp.sura.net), the third line is
- some automatic information from SURAnet, and the bottom line is asking
- me to log in.
-
- If I had an account on the SURAnet system, I would enter my SURAnet
- user ID. But, since I don't have an account on this system, I have
- to find another way to access the system. ;)
-
- This is where the "anonymous" FTP I mentioned earlier comes in :)
- The other way to access some FTP sites -- at least those FTP sites
- that allow outside access -- is to use the userid "anonymous".
- By using the name "anonymous", you are telling that FTP site that
- you aren't a regular user of that site, but you would still like to
- access that FTP site, look around, and retrieve files.
-
- So, where it says USER, I type the word
-
- anonymous
-
- hit enter, and cross my fingers. If SURAnet does not allow anonymous
- access, I'm about to find out :)
-
- >>>USER anonymous
- 331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
- Password:
-
- COOL! Its going to let me in. All I have to do is give the site a
- password.
-
- Out of politeness to the FTP site, if you login as "anonymous", you
- need to use your full Internet address as your password. This helps
- the FTP site keep track of who has visited its site.
-
- So, since it wants my password, and since the password for any
- anonymous FTP session is my full Internet address, I type
-
- pcrispe1@ua1vm.ua.edu
-
- (Stop laughing -- p-crispy-one is *NOT* funny!!). Once I hit enter,
- my screen fills with the following:
-
- >>>PASS ********
- 230- SURAnet ftp server running wuarchive experimental ftpd
- 230-
- 230-Welcome to the SURAnet ftp server. If you have any problems with
- 230-the server please mail the to systems@sura.net. If you do have problems,
- 230-please try using a dash (-) as the first character of your password
- 230- -- this will turn off the continuation messages that may be confusing
- 230-your ftp client.
- ...
- 230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
- Command:
-
- Notice the line "Guest login ok, access restrictions apply." This
- means that the site has given me access, but I only have access to
- the files that are available to the general public.
-
- Okay ... now what? I've started-up my FTP client, I've given the client
- an FTP address to connect to, I've identified myself to the remote site
- (I told it that I am anonymous), and I've given the site my password.
-
- Now it's time to see what sort of files and directories are around, and
- to get those files ... which we will do tomorrow :)
-
- HOMEWORK:
-
- 1. See if your local Internet service provider has a handout
- on FTP commands.
-
- 2. If you do not have FTP access, please be patient. I'll
- show you how to access FTP by e-mail on Wednesday.
-
- 3. There *WILL* be a pop quiz sometime this week, and
- the quiz will cover lessons 1-10 :)
-
-
- SOURCES:
-
- (1) The "EFF's Guide to the Internet", reprinted by permission.
-
-
- PATRICK DOUGLAS CRISPEN THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS LETTER DO NOT
- PCRISPE1@UA1VM.UA.EDU NECESSARILY REPRESENT THE VIEWS OF THE
- THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA - TUSCALOOSA
-
- ROADMAP: COPYRIGHT PATRICK CRISPEN 1994. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
-
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